Celestica Announces Fourth Quarter 2021 Financial Results

(All amounts in U.S. dollars. Per share information based on dilutedshares outstanding unless otherwise noted.)

TORONTO, Jan.26, 2022(GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Celestica Inc. (TSX: CLS) (NYSE: CLS), a leader in design, manufacturing and supply chain solutions for the world's most innovative companies, today announced financial results for the quarter ended December 31, 2021 (Q4 2021)^†.

“Celestica’s solid performance in the fourth quarter capped a successful 2021 for our company. We returned to top-line year-over-year revenue growth, our non-IFRS operating margin* of 4.9% marked yet another record, our non-IFRS adjusted EPS* of $0.44 was our highest in more than 20 years, and we closed on our acquisition of PCI,” said Rob Mionis, President and CEO, Celestica. “Our results continue to affirm our confidence in our long-term strategy, the capabilities of our global team, and our optimism for 2022.”

“We enter 2022 with confidence that Celestica is well-positioned to be successful. Our focus is squarely on meeting our 2022 performance expectations while successfully managing the dynamic macro environment. Achievement of our 2022 outlook would represent new records for our non-IFRS adjusted EPS and non-IFRS operating margin, and we have every reason to believe that we will continue to deliver on our expectations in the coming year.”

Q4 2021 Highlights

† Celestica has two operating and reportable segments - Advanced Technology Solutions (ATS) and Connectivity & Cloud Solutions (CCS). Our ATS segment consists of our ATS end market and is comprised of our Aerospace and Defense (A&D), Industrial, Energy, HealthTech and Capital Equipment (semiconductor, display, and power & signal distribution equipment) businesses. Our CCS segment consists of our Communications and Enterprise (servers and storage) end markets. Segment performance is evaluated based on segment revenue, segment income and segment margin (segment income as a percentage of segment revenue). See note 26 to our 2020 audited consolidated financial statements, included in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2020 (2020 20-F), available at www.sec.gov and www.sedar.com, for further detail. * Non-International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) financial measures (including non-IFRS ratios) do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar financial measures presented by other public companies that use IFRS or U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). See “Non-IFRS Supplementary Information” below for information on our rationale for the use of non-IFRS financial measures, and Schedule 1 for, among other items, non-IFRS financial measures included in this press release, as well as their definitions, uses, and a reconciliation of historical non-IFRS financial measures to the most directly comparable IFRS financial measures.

First Quarter of 2022 (Q1 2022) Guidance

For Q1 2022, we expect a negative $0.19 to $0.25 per share (pre-tax) aggregate impact on net earnings on an IFRS basis for employee stock-based compensation (SBC) expense, amortization of intangible assets (excluding computer software), and restructuring charges; and a non-IFRS adjusted effective tax rate* of approximately 18% (which does not account for foreign exchange impacts or any unanticipated tax settlements).

2022 Outlook

We believe the strength across the majority of our businesses, strong operational performance and the ramping of new programs bode well for Celestica in 2022. Assuming the severity of supply chain constraints experienced in Q4 2021 do not significantly worsen, we anticipate the following for 2022:

* We do not provide reconciliations for forward-looking non-IFRS financial measures, as we are unable to provide a meaningful or accurate calculation or estimation of reconciling items and the information is not available without unreasonable effort. This is due to the inherent difficulty of forecasting the timing or amount of various events that have not yet occurred, are out of our control and/or cannot be reasonably predicted, and that would impact the most directly comparable forward-looking IFRS financial measure. For these same reasons, we are unable to address the probable significance of the unavailable information. Forward-looking non-IFRS financial measures may vary materially from the corresponding IFRS financial measures. See Schedule 1 for the definitions of the foregoing non-IFRS financial measures, and a reconciliation of historical non-IFRS financial measures to the most directly comparable IFRS financial measures. Also see "Non-IFRS Supplementary Information" below.

Summary of Selected Q4 2021 Results

For information on the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 and related mutations (COVID-19) and supply chain and workforce constraints on our business in Q4 2021, see "Segment Updates: Operational Impacts" and footnote ⁽¹⁾ below.

⁽¹⁾ IFRS EPS of $0.26 for Q4 2021 included an aggregate charge of $0.16 (pre-tax) per share for employee SBC expense, amortization of intangible assets (excluding computer software), and restructuring charges. See the tables in Schedule 1 and note 10 to our December 31, 2021 unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements (Q4 2021 Interim Financial Statements) for per-item charges. This aggregate charge was within our Q4 2021 guidance range of between $0.11 and $0.17 per share for these items.

IFRS EPS for Q4 2021 included a $0.06 per share negative impact attributable to other charges (consisting most significantly of a $0.02 per share negative impact attributable to restructuring charges, and a $0.02 per share negative impact attributable to specified credit facility-related charges, each as described in note 10 to the Q4 2021 Interim Financial Statements), and a $0.08 per share negative impact attributable to the impact of materials constraints and estimated COVID-19 Costs (defined as both direct and indirect costs pertaining to COVID-19, including manufacturing inefficiencies related to lost revenue due to our inability to secure materials, idled labor costs, and incremental costs for labor, expedite fees and freight premiums, cleaning supplies, personal protective equipment, and/or IT-related services to support our work-from-home arrangements). IFRS EPS for Q4 2021 also included the following tax impacts: a favorable tax impact related to the geographical mix of our profits, a $0.01 per share positive impact attributable to a deferred tax recovery recorded in connection with the revaluation of certain temporary differences using the future effective tax rate of our Thailand subsidiary related to the upcoming reduction of the income tax exemption rate in 2022 under an applicable tax incentive (Revaluation Impact) and a $0.02 per share negative impact arising from taxable temporary differences associated with the anticipated repatriation of undistributed earnings from certain of our Chinese subsidiaries (Repatriation Expense), each as described in note 11 to the Q4 2021 Interim Financial Statements.

IFRS EPS for Q4 2020 of $0.16 included a $0.05 per share negative impact attributable to restructuring charges and a $0.06 per share negative impact attributable to estimated $8 million in COVID-19 Costs, offset in large part by an aggregate $0.08 per share positive impact attributable to approximately $8 million of government subsidies, grants and credits related to COVID-19 (COVID Subsidies) and $2 million of customer recoveries related to COVID-19 (Customer Recoveries), and a $0.02 per share positive impact from SBC expense reversals recorded in Q4 2020 to reflect a reduction in the estimated number of certain share-based awards expected to vest at the end of January 2021 (SBC Reversals). IFRS EPS for Q4 2020 also included a number of offsetting tax items including an $11.8 million withholding tax accrual associated with the then-anticipated repatriation of undistributed earnings from certain of our Chinese and Thai subsidiaries, which was substantially offset by an aggregate of $11.2 million in favorable return-to-provision (RTP) adjustments, the recognition of previously unrecognized deferred tax assets, and a favorable foreign exchange impact arising primarily from the strengthening of the Chinese renminbi relative to the U.S. dollar (each as described in note 11 to the Q4 2021 Interim Financial Statements). See Schedule 1 for the exclusions used to determine non-IFRS adjusted EPS for Q4 2021 and Q4 2020, and note 10 to the Q4 2021 Interim Financial Statements for quantification of the components of other charges (recoveries) for each such period.

⁽²⁾ For Q4 2021, our revenue was in-line with the mid-point of our guidance range and reflected anticipated growth from our ATS segment and contributions from our PCI acquisition. Non-IFRS adjusted EPS exceeded the high end of our guidance range, and our non-IFRS operating margin exceeded the mid-point of our revenue and non-IFRS adjusted EPS guidance ranges, each of which benefited from strong performance in both of our segments, despite adverse revenue impacts attributable to materials shortages. Non-IFRS adjusted SG&A for Q4 2021 came in slightly below our guidance range. Our non-IFRS adjusted effective tax rate for Q4 2021 was 16%, lower than our anticipated estimate of approximately 19%, mainly due to favorable jurisdictional profit mix.

See “Non-IFRS Supplementary Information” below for information on our rationale for the use of non-IFRS financial measures, and Schedule 1 for, among other items, non-IFRS financial measures included in this press release, as well as their definitions, uses, and a reconciliation of historical non-IFRS financial measures to the most directly comparable IFRS financial measures.

Full Year 2021 Results

2021 was a successful year for Celestica, in which we met (or exceeded) a number of our long-term strategic objectives and financial performance goals. Below are several of our critical performance achievements for 2021:

⁽¹⁾ IFRS EPS for 2021 of $0.82 included a $0.25 per share negative impact attributable to material constraints and estimated COVID-19 Costs, an $0.08 per share negative impact attributable to net other charges (consisting most significantly of a $0.08 per share negative impact attributable to net restructuring charges and a $0.06 per share negative impact attributable to acquisition costs, offset in part by an $0.08 per share positive impact attributable to legal recoveries, as described in note 10 to the Q4 2021 Interim Financial Statements), all offset in part by an aggregate $0.09 per share positive impact attributable to approximately $11 million of recognized COVID Subsidies and $1 million of Customer Recoveries. IFRS EPS for 2021 also included the following tax impacts: a $0.06 per share positive impact attributable to the Revaluation Impact, offset in large part by a $0.05 per share negative impact attributable to a Repatriation Expense (each as described in note 11 to the Q4 2021 Interim Financial Statements). IFRS EPS for 2020 of $0.47 included a $0.20 per share negative impact attributable to restructuring charges (see note 10 to the Q4 2021 Interim Financial Statements) and a $0.29 per share negative impact attributable to approximately $37 million in estimated COVID-19 Costs, offset in part by an aggregate $0.29 per share positive impact attributable to approximately $34 million of COVID Subsidies and $3 million in Customer Recoveries, and a $0.07 per share positive impact to reflect aggregate SBC Reversals. IFRS EPS for 2020 also included $18.3 million of tax expenses relating to withholding taxes associated with repatriations of undistributed earnings from certain of our Chinese and Thai subsidiaries that occurred in 2020 or were then-anticipated to occur in the foreseeable future, which was largely offset by an aggregate of $17.5 million in favorable tax impacts (described in note 11 to the Q4 2021 Interim Financial Statements).

*See Schedule 1 for the exclusions used to determine non-IFRS adjusted EPS and non-IFRS operating margin for 2021 and 2020, and a reconciliation of such financial measures to the most directly comparable IFRS financial measures.

Segment Updates

ATS Segment:

ATS segment revenue increased 23% in Q4 2021 compared to Q4 2020, driven by strong revenue growth in our Capital Equipment business, returning growth in our Industrial business and the addition of PCI in November 2021. ATS segment revenue increased 11% in 2021 compared to 2020, exceeding our 10% revenue growth target. For 2022, as a result of organic growth and the addition of PCI, we expect ATS segment revenue of approximately $2.8 billion.

ATS segment margin increased to 5.6% in Q4 2021 compared to 3.9% in Q4 2020, primarily due to profitable growth in our Capital Equipment business and the addition of PCI, partially offset by headwinds in our A&D business. As anticipated, our ATS segment margin entered our target range of 5% to 6% in Q4 2021. This marks the seventh consecutive quarter of sequential ATS segment margin expansion. For 2022, we currently expect to achieve ATS segment margin of approximately 5.5%.

Revenue from our semiconductor Capital Equipment customers increased in Q4 2021 compared to Q4 2020. The growth was driven by continued strong end market demand, in combination with new program wins and market share gains. Revenue from our Capital Equipment business for 2021 was approximately $750 million, representing growth of more than 30% compared to 2020. We expect the strong demand backdrop to continue into 2022.

A&D revenue in Q4 2021 had modest growth compared to Q4 2020 (and sequentially), and continues to stabilize. Although we do not expect our commercial aerospace business to return to pre-COVID-19 levels in the near term, we expect modest sequential quarterly and year-to-year growth to continue in 2022, supported by new program wins.

During Q4 2021, revenue from our Industrial business increased compared to Q4 2020, as a result of growth in our base Industrial business as new business ramps, and the addition of PCI. We expect year-over-year growth to continue throughout 2022 on an organic basis, supported by new program wins, a general recovery in demand, and the addition of PCI.

HealthTech revenue decreased in Q4 2021 compared to Q4 2020, primarily due to the ramp down of certain COVID-19-related programs. For 2022, we expect revenue growth will be moderated as new program ramps will be largely offset by a reduction in COVID-19-related programs from the prior year.

CCS Segment:

CCS segment revenue increased in Q4 2021 compared to Q4 2020, primarily due to strong demand from service provider customers, including in our HPS business, as well as strength in demand from certain storage customers in our Enterprise end market. This growth was largely offset by our disengagement from programs with Cisco Systems, Inc. (Cisco Disengagement), completed in Q4 2020, and the impact of materials constraints. This marks the first quarter of year-over-year revenue growth in our CCS segment since the completion of the Cisco Disengagement.

HPS revenue in Q4 2021 increased 66% to $350 million compared to Q4 2020. HPS revenue was approximately $1.15 billion in 2021, representing 34% growth compared to 2020. We expect HPS revenue to increase by at least 10% in 2022 compared to 2021.

CCS segment margin increased to 4.4% in Q4 2021 compared to 3.4% in Q4 2020, primarily due to more favorable mix, driven by an increased concentration of revenue from our HPS business. This represents our seventh consecutive quarter with CCS segment margin above our target range.

Operational Impacts:

Global supply chain constraints continued to impact both of our segments in Q4 2021, resulting in extended lead times for certain components, and impacting the availability of materials required to support customer programs. Our advanced planning processes, supply chain management, and collaboration with our customers and suppliers has helped to partially mitigate the impact of these constraints on our revenue. We expect this pressure to persist throughout 2022. While we have incorporated these dynamics into our Q1 2022 guidance and 2022 annual outlook to the best of our ability, their adverse impact (in terms of duration and severity) cannot be estimated with certainty, and may be materially in excess of our expectations.

As a result of recent resurgences of COVID-19 outbreaks, governments of various jurisdictions have mandated periodic lockdowns or workforce constraints (collectively, Workforce Constraints). However, because Celestica’s operations have been considered an essential service by relevant local government authorities to date, our manufacturing sites have generally continued to operate in impacted countries, albeit, at times, at reduced capacities (due to reduced attendance, shift reductions or temporary shutdowns). Although these Workforce Constraints present a challenge to our business performance when in force, due to effective resource management and planning, we have been able to largely mitigate the impact of these actions to date on our manufacturing capacity and our revenues.

We estimate that we had an aggregate adverse revenue impact of approximately $55 million in Q4 2021 as a result of supply chain constraints that prevented us from fulfilling customer orders, up from approximately $30 million in Q3 2021. We estimate that such constraints adversely impacted ATS segment revenue by approximately $20 million and CCS segment revenue by approximately $35 million in Q4 2021 (Q4 2020 — approximately $9 million (ATS segment — approximately $8 million; CCS segment — approximately $1 million)). As a result of these supply chain and workforce constraints, we were negatively impacted by approximately $10 million in estimated COVID-19 Costs during Q4 2021 (Q4 2020 — $8 million). We also recognized no COVID Subsidies or Customer Recoveries in Q4 2021 (Q4 2020 — approximately $8 million in COVID Subsidies and $2 million in Customer Recoveries), each as defined in footnote 1 to the “Summary of Selected Q4 2021 Results” above.

In late December 2021, we experienced a brief IT outage that temporarily impacted our operations. Based on the nature of the incident, and our timely response, it did not have a material impact on our financial results for Q4 2021. Our operations are functioning at normal capacity and we do not expect any material impact to our Q1 2022 financial results from this brief outage.

PCI Acquisition

In November 2021, we completed the acquisition of PCI, a fully-integrated design, engineering and manufacturing solutions provider with five manufacturing and design facilities across Asia. The purchase price was $314.7 million, net of $11.4 million of cash acquired, and including a preliminary net working capital adjustment (which is anticipated to be finalized in Q1 2022). The purchase was funded with a combination of cash and borrowings under our credit facility (described below). See notes 4 and 8 to the Q4 2021 Interim Financial Statements.

Credit Facility Amendment

In December 2021, we amended our credit facility, inter alia: to provide a new $365 million term loan; to increase the commitments under our revolving facility from $450 million to $600 million and extend its maturity date to at least 2025; and to ease certain covenant restrictions. Net proceeds from the new term loan were used to repay all remaining amounts outstanding under our November 2018 term loan in the original principal amount of $250 million ($145 million outstanding at the time of repayment), terminating such loan, and substantially all of the $220 million borrowed under our revolving facility to finance a portion of the PCI acquisition price. See note 8 to the Q4 2021 Interim Financial Statements.

Acceptance of Normal Course Issuer Bid

On December 2, 2021, the Toronto Stock Exchange accepted our notice to launch a new normal course issuer bid (2021 NCIB). The 2021 NCIB allows us to repurchase, at our discretion, from December 6, 2021 until the earlier of December 5, 2022 or the completion of purchases thereunder, up to approximately 9.0 million subordinate voting shares (SVS) in the open market, or as otherwise permitted, subject to the normal terms and limitations of such bids. See note 9 to the Q4 2021 Interim Financial Statements.

Q4 2021 Webcast

Management will host its Q4 2021 results conference call on January 27, 2022 at 8:00 a.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST). The webcast can be accessed at www.celestica.com.

Non-IFRS Supplementary Information

In addition to disclosing detailed operating results in accordance with IFRS, Celestica provides supplementary non-IFRS financial measures to consider in evaluating the company’s operating performance. Management uses adjusted net earnings and other non-IFRS financial measures to assess operating performance and the effective use and allocation of resources; to provide more meaningful period-to-period comparisons of operating results; to enhance investors’ understanding of the core operating results of Celestica’s business; and to set management incentive targets. We believe investors use both IFRS and non-IFRS financial measures to assess management's past, current and future decisions associated with our priorities and our allocation of capital, as well as to analyze how our business operates in, or responds to, swings in economic cycles or to other events that impact our core operations. See Schedule 1 below.

About Celestica

Celestica enables the world's best brands. Through our recognized customer-centric approach, we partner with leading companies in Aerospace and Defense, Communications, Enterprise, HealthTech, Industrial, Capital Equipment, and Energy to deliver solutions for their most complex challenges. As a leader in design, manufacturing, hardware platform and supply chain solutions, Celestica brings global expertise and insight at every stage of product development - from the drawing board to full-scale production and after-market services. With talented teams across North America, Europe and Asia, we imagine, develop and deliver a better future with our customers. For more information on Celestica, visit www.celestica.com. Our securities filings can be accessed at www.sedar.com and www.sec.gov.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, those related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business; our priorities, goals and strategies; trends in the electronics manufacturing services (EMS) industry and our segments (and/or constituent businesses), and their anticipated impact; the anticipated impact of current market conditions on each of our segments (and/or constituent businesses) and near term expectations (positive and negative); our anticipated financial and/or operational results and outlook, including our anticipated Q1 2022 non-IFRS adjusted effective tax rate; materials, components and supply chain constraints; our credit risk; our liquidity; anticipated charges and expenses, including restructuring charges; the potential impact of tax and litigation outcomes; mandatory prepayments under our credit facility; interest rates; the timing of our PCI purchase price allocation; our annual intangible asset amortization increase; and our financial statement estimates and assumptions. Such forward-looking statements may, without limitation, be preceded by, followed by, or include words such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “intends,” “plans,” “continues,” “project,” "target," “potential,” “possible,” “contemplate,” “seek,” or similar expressions, or may employ such future or conditional verbs as “may,” “might,” “will,” “could,” “should,” or “would,” or may otherwise be indicated as forward-looking statements by grammatical construction, phrasing or context. For those statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, where applicable, and applicable Canadian securities laws.

Forward-looking statements are provided to assist readers in understanding management’s current expectations and plans relating to the future. Readers are cautioned that such information may not be appropriate for other purposes. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements, including, among others, risks related to: customer and segment concentration; challenges of replacing revenue from completed, lost or non-renewed programs or customer disengagements; our customers' ability to compete and succeed using our products and services; price, margin pressures, and other competitive factors and adverse market conditions affecting, and the highly competitive nature of, the EMS industry in general and our segments in particular (including the risk that anticipated market improvements do not materialize); changes in our mix of customers and/or the types of products or services we provide, including negative impacts of higher concentrations of lower margin programs; the cyclical and volatile nature of our semiconductor business; delays in the delivery and availability of components, services and/or materials; managing changes in customer demand; rapidly evolving and changing technologies, and changes in our customers' business or outsourcing strategies; the expansion or consolidation of our operations; volatility in the commercial aerospace industry; the inability to maintain adequate utilization of our workforce; the nature of the display market; defects or deficiencies in our products, services or designs; integrating and achieving the anticipated synergies and benefits from acquisitions (including our recent acquisition of PCI) and "operate-in-place" arrangements; compliance with customer-driven policies and standards, and third-party certification requirements; challenges associated with new customers or programs, or the provision of new services; the impact of our restructuring actions, divestitures and/or productivity initiatives, including a failure to achieve anticipated benefits therefrom; the incurrence of future restructuring charges, impairment charges, other write-downs of assets or operating losses; managing our business during uncertain market, political and economic conditions, including among others, geopolitical and other risks associated with our international operations, including military actions, protectionism and reactive countermeasures, economic or other sanctions or trade barriers; disruptions to our operations, or those of our customers, component suppliers and/or logistics partners, including as a result of events outside of our control, including, among others: U.S. policies or legislation, U.S. and/or global tax reform, the potential impact of significant tariffs on items imported into the U.S. and related countermeasures, and/or the impact of (in addition to COVID-19) other widespread illness or disease; the scope, duration and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including its continuing adverse impact on the commercial aerospace industry; changes to our operating model; changing commodity, materials and component costs as well as labor costs and conditions; execution and/or quality issues (including our ability to successfully resolve these challenges); non-performance by counterparties; maintaining sufficient financial resources to fund currently anticipated financial actions and obligations and to pursue desirable business opportunities; negative impacts on our business resulting from newly-increased third-party indebtedness; negative impacts on our business resulting from any significant uses of cash (including for the acquisition of PCI), securities issuances, and/or additional increases in third-party indebtedness (including as a result of an inability to sell desired amounts under our uncommitted accounts receivable sales program); operational impacts that may affect PCI’s ability to achieve anticipated financial results; foreign currency volatility; our global operations and supply chain; competitive bid selection processes; customer relationships with emerging companies; recruiting or retaining skilled talent; our dependence on industries affected by rapid technological change; our ability to adequately protect intellectual property and confidential information; increasing taxes, tax audits, and challenges of defending our tax positions; obtaining, renewing or meeting the conditions of tax incentives and credits; the fact that while we have not been materially impacted by computer viruses, malware, ransomware, hacking attempts or outages, we have been (and may continue to be) the target of such events; the inability to prevent or detect all errors or fraud; the variability of revenue and operating results; unanticipated disruptions to our cash flows; compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and government subsidies, grants or credits; the management of our information technology systems; our pension and other benefit plan obligations; changes in accounting judgments, estimates and assumptions; our ability to maintain compliance with applicable credit facility covenants; interest rate fluctuations and the cessation of LIBOR; deterioration in financial markets or the macro-economic environment; our credit rating; the interest of our controlling shareholder; current or future litigation, governmental actions, and/or changes in legislation or accounting standards; negative publicity; that we will not be permitted to, or do not, repurchase SVS under any normal course issuer bid (NCIB); and our ability to achieve our environmental, social and governance (ESG) initiative goals, including with respect to diversity and inclusion and climate change. The foregoing and other material risks and uncertainties are discussed in our public filings at www.sedar.com and www.sec.gov, including in our most recent MD&A, our 2020 Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with, and subsequent reports on Form 6-K furnished to, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, and as applicable, the Canadian Securities Administrators.

The forward-looking statements contained in this press release are based on various assumptions, many of which involve factors that are beyond our control. Our material assumptions include those related to the following: the scope and duration of materials constraints and the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on our sites, customers and suppliers; fluctuation of production schedules from our customers in terms of volume and mix of products or services; the timing and execution of, and investments associated with, ramping new business; the success of our customers’ products; our ability to retain programs and customers; the stability of general economic and market conditions and currency exchange rates; supplier performance, pricing and terms; compliance by third parties with their contractual obligations; the costs and availability of components, materials, services, equipment, labor, energy and transportation; that our customers will retain liability for product/component tariffs and countermeasures; global tax legislation changes; our ability to keep pace with rapidly changing technological developments; the timing, execution and effect of restructuring actions; the successful resolution of quality issues that arise from time to time; the components of our leverage ratio (as defined in our credit facility); our ability to successfully diversify our customer base and develop new capabilities; the availability of cash resources for, and the permissibility under our credit facility of, repurchases of outstanding SVS under NCIBs, and compliance with applicable laws and regulations pertaining to NCIBs; compliance with applicable credit facility covenants; anticipated demand strength in certain of our businesses; anticipated demand weakness in, and/or the impact of anticipated adverse market conditions on, certain of our businesses; and that: anticipated financial results by PCI will be achieved; we are able to successfully integrate PCI, further develop our ATS segment business, and achieve the other expected synergies and benefits from the acquisition; all financial information provided by PCI is accurate and complete, and all forecasts of PCI’s operating results are reasonable and were provided to Celestica in good faith; and we will continue to have sufficient financial resources to fund currently anticipated financial actions and obligations and to pursue desirable business opportunities. Although management believes its assumptions to be reasonable under the current circumstances, they may prove to be inaccurate, which could cause actual results to differ materially (and adversely) from those that would have been achieved had such assumptions been accurate. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and we disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.All forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified by these cautionary statements.

Contacts:

Schedule 1Supplementary Non-IFRS Financial Measures

The non-IFRS financial measures included in this press release are: adjusted gross profit, adjusted gross margin (adjusted gross profit as a percentage of revenue), adjusted selling, general and administrative expenses (SG&A), adjusted SG&A as a percentage of revenue, operating earnings (or adjusted EBIAT), operating margin (operating earnings or adjusted EBIAT as a percentage of revenue), adjusted net earnings, adjusted EPS, adjusted return on invested capital (adjusted ROIC), free cash flow, adjusted tax expense and adjusted effective tax rate. Adjusted EBIAT, adjusted ROIC, free cash flow, adjusted tax expense and adjusted effective tax rate are further described in the tables below. In calculating our non-IFRS financial measures, management excludes the following items where indicated in the table below: employee stock-based compensation (SBC) expense, amortization of intangible assets (excluding computer software), Other Charges, net of recoveries (defined below), Finance Costs (defined below), and acquisition inventory fair value adjustments, all net of the associated tax adjustments (quantified in the table below), and non-core tax impacts (tax adjustments related to acquisitions, and certain other tax costs or recoveries related to restructuring actions or restructured sites).

We believe the non-IFRS financial measures we present herein are useful to investors, as they enable investors to evaluate and compare our results from operations in a more consistent manner (by excluding specific items that we do not consider to be reflective of our core operations), to evaluate cash resources that we generate from our business each period, and to provide an analysis of operating results using the same measures our chief operating decision makers use to measure performance. In addition, management believes that the use of a non-IFRS adjusted tax expense and a non-IFRS adjusted effective tax rate provide improved insight into the tax effects of our core operations, and are useful to management and investors for historical comparisons and forecasting. These non-IFRS financial measures result largely from management’s determination that the facts and circumstances surrounding the excluded charges or recoveries are not indicative of our core operations.

Non-IFRS financial measures do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies that report under IFRS, or who report under U.S. GAAP and use non-GAAP financial measures to describe similar financial metrics. Non-IFRS financial measures are not measures of performance under IFRS and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any IFRS financial measure.

The most significant limitation to management’s use of non-IFRS financial measures is that the charges or credits excluded from the non-IFRS financial measures are nonetheless recognized under IFRS and have an economic impact on us. Management compensates for these limitations primarily by issuing IFRS results to show a complete picture of our performance, and reconciling non-IFRS financial measures back to the most directly comparable IFRS financial measures.

The economic substance of the exclusions described above (where applicable to the periods presented) and management’s rationale for excluding them from non-IFRS financial measures is provided below:

Employee SBC expense, which represents the estimated fair value of stock options, restricted share units and performance share units granted to employees, is excluded because grant activities vary significantly from quarter-to-quarter in both quantity and fair value. In addition, excluding this expense allows us to better compare core operating results with those of our competitors who also generally exclude employee SBC expense in assessing operating performance, who may have different granting patterns and types of equity awards, and who may use different valuation assumptions than we do.

Amortization charges (excluding computer software) consist of non-cash charges against intangible assets that are impacted by the timing and magnitude of acquired businesses. Amortization of intangible assets varies among our competitors, and we believe that excluding these charges permits a better comparison of core operating results with those of our competitors who also generally exclude amortization charges in assessing operating performance.

Other Charges, net of recoveries, consist of, when applicable: Restructuring Charges, net of recoveries (defined below); Transition Costs (defined below); net Impairment charges (defined below); consulting, transaction and integration costs related to potential and completed acquisitions, and charges or releases related to the subsequent re-measurement of indemnification assets or the release of indemnification or other liabilities recorded in connection with acquisitions, when applicable; legal settlements (recoveries); specified credit facility-related charges (consisting primarily of the accelerated amortization of unamortized deferred financing costs in Q4 2021); and post-employment benefit plan losses. We exclude these charges, net of recoveries, because we believe that they are not directly related to ongoing operating results and do not reflect expected future operating expenses after completion of these activities or incurrence of the relevant costs. Our competitors may record similar charges at different times, and we believe these exclusions permit a better comparison of our core operating results with those of our competitors who also generally exclude these types of charges, net of recoveries, in assessing operating performance.

Restructuring Charges, net of recoveries, consist of costs relating to: employee severance, lease terminations, site closings and consolidations; write-downs of owned property and equipment which are no longer used and are available for sale; and reductions in infrastructure.

Transition Costs consist of: (i) costs recorded in connection with the relocation of our Toronto manufacturing operations, and the move of our corporate headquarters into and out of a temporary location during, and upon completion, of the construction of space in a new office building at our former location (all in connection with the 2019 sale of our Toronto real property) and (ii) costs recorded in connection with the transfer of manufacturing lines from closed sites to other sites within our global network. Transition Costs consist of direct relocation and duplicate costs (such as rent expense, utility costs, depreciation charges, and personnel costs) incurred during the transition periods, as well as cease-use costs incurred in connection with idle or vacated portions of the relevant premises that we would not have incurred but for these relocations and transfers. We believe that excluding these costs permits a better comparison of our core operating results from period-to-period, as these costs will not reflect our ongoing operations once these relocations and manufacturing line transfers are complete.

Impairment charges, which consist of non-cash charges against goodwill, intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, and right-of-use (ROU) assets, result primarily when the carrying value of these assets exceeds their recoverable amount.

Finance Costs consist of interest expense and fees related to our credit facility (including debt issuance and related amortization costs), our interest rate swap agreements, our accounts receivable sales program and customers' supplier financing programs, and interest expense on our lease obligations, net of interest income earned. We believe that excluding these costs provides useful insight for assessing the performance of our core operations.

Acquisition inventory fair value adjustments relate to the write-up of the inventory acquired in connection with our acquisitions, when applicable, representing the difference between the cost and fair value of such inventory. We exclude the impact of the recognition of these adjustments, when incurred, because we believe such exclusion permits a better comparison of our core operating results from period-to-period, as their impact is not indicative of our ongoing operating performance.

Non-core tax impacts are excluded, as we believe that these costs or recoveries do not reflect core operating performance and vary significantly among those of our competitors who also generally exclude these costs or recoveries in assessing operating performance.

The following table (which is unaudited) sets forth, for the periods indicated, the various non-IFRS financial measures discussed above, and a reconciliation of non-IFRS financial measures to the most directly comparable IFRS financial measures (in millions, except percentages and per share amounts):

(1)Management uses non-IFRS operating earnings (adjusted EBIAT) as a measure to assess performance related to our core operations. Non-IFRS adjusted EBIAT is defined as earnings (loss) before income taxes, Finance Costs (defined above), employee SBC expense, amortization of intangible assets (excluding computer software), Other Charges (recoveries) (defined above), and in applicable periods, acquisition inventory fair value adjustments. See note 10 to our Q4 2021 Interim Financial Statements for separate quantification and discussion of the components of Other Charges (recoveries).

(2)The adjustments for taxes, as applicable, represent the tax effects of our non-IFRS adjustments and non-core tax impacts (see below).

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of our IFRS tax expense and IFRS effective tax rate to our non-IFRS adjusted tax expense and our non-IFRS adjusted effective tax rate for the periods indicated, in each case determined by excluding the tax benefits or costs associated with the listed items (in millions, except percentages) from our IFRS tax expense for such periods:

* Consists of the reversal of certain tax uncertainties related to a prior acquisition that became statute-barred in such periods and related settlements.

** Consists of deferred tax adjustments attributable to our acquisition of Impakt Holdings, LLC.

*** Consists of the reversals of tax uncertainties related to one of our Asian subsidiaries that completed its liquidation and dissolution during the first quarter of 2021.

(3)Management uses non-IFRS free cash flow as a measure, in addition to IFRS cash provided by (used in) operations, to assess our operational cash flow performance. We believe non-IFRS free cash flow provides another level of transparency to our liquidity. Non-IFRS free cash flow is defined as cash provided by (used in) operations after the purchase of property, plant and equipment (net of proceeds from the sale of certain surplus equipment and property), lease payments and Finance Costs paid (excluding any debt issuance costs and when applicable, waiver fees related to our credit facility). We do not consider debt issuance costs ($3.6 million paid in Q4 2021 and the full year 2021; nil and $0.6 million paid in Q4 2020 and the full year 2020, respectively) or such waiver fees (when applicable) to be part of our ongoing financing expenses. As a result, these costs are excluded from total Finance Costs paid in our determination of non-IFRS free cash flow. Note, however, that non-IFRS free cash flow does not represent residual cash flow available to Celestica for discretionary expenditures.

(4)Management uses non-IFRS adjusted ROIC as a measure to assess the effectiveness of the invested capital we use to build products or provide services to our customers, by quantifying how well we generate earnings relative to the capital we have invested in our business. Non-IFRS adjusted ROIC is calculated by dividing non-IFRS adjusted EBIAT by average net invested capital. Net invested capital (calculated in the table below) is defined as total assets less: cash, ROU assets, accounts payable, accrued and other current liabilities, provisions, and income taxes payable. We use a two-point average to calculate average net invested capital for the quarter and a five-point average to calculate average net invested capital for the year. For example, the average net invested capital for Q4 2021 is calculated using the average of the net invested capital as at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2021. A comparable measure under IFRS would be determined by dividing IFRS earnings (loss) before income taxes by average net invested capital (which we have set forth in the charts above and below), however, this measure (which we have called IFRS ROIC), is not a measure defined under IFRS.

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, our calculation of IFRS ROIC % and non-IFRS adjusted ROIC % (in millions, except IFRS ROIC % and non-IFRS adjusted ROIC %).

⁽¹⁾ See footnote 4 on the previous page.

CELESTICA INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET(in millions of U.S. dollars)(unaudited)

Commitments and Contingencies (note 14).

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

CELESTICA INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS(in millions of U.S. dollars, except per share amounts)(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

CELESTICA INC.CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME(in millions of U.S. dollars)(unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

CELESTICA INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY(in millions of U.S. dollars)(unaudited)

(a)Accumulated other comprehensive loss is net of tax.(b) Includes $15.0 accrued as of December 31, 2020 for the estimated contractual maximum of permitted subordinate voting share (SVS) repurchases for cancellation (Contractual Maximum) under an automatic share purchase plan (ASPP) executed in December 2020 (December 2020 Accrual), described in note 9.(c) We paid $35.9 to repurchase SVS for cancellation during 2021, offset in part by the reversal of the December 2020 Accrual. Also includes $7.5 accrued as of December 31, 2021 for the estimated Contractual Maximum of SVS purchases for cancellation under an ASPP executed in December 2021. See note 9.(d) Includes $33.8 accrued as of December 31, 2021 for the estimated Contractual Maximum of SVS purchases to settle awards under our SBC plans under an ASPP executed in December 2021. See note 9.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

CELESTICA INC.CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS(in millions of U.S. dollars)(unaudited)

(a) Finance costs paid include debt issuance costs paid of $3.6 in the quarter and year ended December 31, 2021 (quarter and year ended December 31, 2020 — nil and $0.6, respectively).

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

CELESTICA INC. NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(in millions of U.S. dollars, except percentages and per share amounts)(unaudited)

1. REPORTING ENTITY

Celestica Inc. (Celestica) is incorporated in Ontario with its corporate headquarters located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Celestica’s subordinate voting shares (SVS) are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).

2. BASIS OF PREPARATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Statement of compliance:

These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements for the period ended December 31, 2021 (Q4 2021 Interim Financial Statements) have been prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard (IAS) 34, Interim Financial Reporting, and the accounting policies we have adopted in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), in each case as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), and reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to present fairly our financial position as at December 31, 2021 and our financial performance, comprehensive income and cash flows for the three months and year ended December 31, 2021 (referred to herein as Q4 2021 and FY 2021, respectively). The Q4 2021 Interim Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with our 2020 audited consolidated financial statements (2020 AFS), which are included in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2020. The Q4 2021 Interim Financial Statements are presented in United States (U.S.) dollars, which is also Celestica's functional currency. Unless otherwise noted, all financial information is presented in millions of U.S. dollars (except percentages and per share amounts).

The Q4 2021 Interim Financial Statements were authorized for issuance by our board of directors on January 26, 2022.

Use of estimates and judgments:

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expenses, and related disclosures with respect to contingent assets and liabilities. We base our judgments, estimates and assumptions on current facts (including, in recent periods, the prolonged impact of coronavirus disease 2019 and related mutations (COVID-19) and materials constraints), historical experience and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. The economic environment could also impact certain estimates and discount rates necessary to prepare our consolidated financial statements, including significant estimates and discount rates applicable to the determination of the recoverable amounts used in the impairment testing of our non-financial assets. Our assessment of these factors forms the basis for our judgments on the carrying values of our assets and liabilities, and the accrual of our costs and expenses. Actual results could differ materially from our estimates and assumptions. We review our estimates and underlying assumptions on an ongoing basis and make revisions as determined necessary by management. Revisions are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and may also impact future periods.

Our review of the estimates, judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of our financial statements for each quarter of 2021 and 2020 include those relating to, among other things: the determination of whether indicators of impairment existed for our assets and cash generating units (CGUs¹), our measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities, our estimated inventory provisions and expected credit losses, customer creditworthiness, and our eligibility for COVID-19-related government subsidies, grants and/or credits (COVID Subsidies) recognized (see note 13). For Q4 2021, our estimates included the determination of the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with a business combination, measured on a preliminary basis. Any revisions to estimates, judgments or assumptions may result in, among other things, write-downs or impairments to our assets or CGUs, and/or adjustments to the carrying amount of our accounts receivable (A/R) and/or inventories, any of which could have a material impact on our financial performance and financial condition. However, we determined that no significant revisions to our estimates, judgments or assumptions were required during any quarter in 2021 or 2020. While we continue to believe the COVID-19 pandemic and materials constraints to be temporary, the situation remains dynamic and their impact on our financial performance and financial condition, including their impact on overall customer demand, and/or our ability to fulfill customer demand, cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. However, we continue to believe that our long-term estimates and assumptions are appropriate.

¹ CGUs are the smallest identifiable group of assets that cannot be tested individually and generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those of other assets or groups of assets, and can be comprised of a single site, a group of sites, or a line of business.

Accounting policies:

The Q4 2021 Interim Financial Statements are based on accounting policies consistent with those described in note 2 to our 2020 AFS, and the recently adopted accounting standard discussed below.

Recently adopted accounting standard:

Interest Rate Benchmark Reform - Phase 2 (Amendments to IFRS 9 (Financial Instruments), IAS 39 (Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement), IFRS 7 (Financial Instruments: Disclosures), IFRS 4 (Insurance Contracts) and IFRS 16 (Leases)):

In August 2020, the IASB issued Interest Rate Benchmark Reform - Phase 2, which amends IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16. The amendments complement those issued in September 2019 and focus on the effects on financial statements when a company replaces a previous interest rate benchmark with an alternative benchmark rate as a result of Interbank Offered Rates (IBOR) reform. We adopted the Phase 2 amendments as of January 1, 2021. As of December 31, 2021, the adoption of the Phase 2 amendments had no significant impact on the Q4 2021 Interim Financial Statements. See note 12 for further details. We will continue to monitor relevant developments and will evaluate the impact of the Phase 2 amendments on our consolidated financial statements as IBOR reform progresses.

3. SEGMENT AND CUSTOMER REPORTING

Segments:

Celestica delivers innovative supply chain solutions globally to customers in two operating and reportable segments: Advanced Technology Solutions (ATS) and Connectivity & Cloud Solutions (CCS). Segment performance is evaluated based on segment revenue, segment income and segment margin (segment income as a percentage of segment revenue). See note 26 to our 2020 AFS for a description of the businesses that comprise our segments, and how segment revenue, segment income and segment margin are determined.

Information regarding the performance of our reportable segments is set forth below:

Customers:

In Q4 2021, no individual customer represented 10% or more of total revenue (fourth quarter 2020 (Q4 2020) — two customers individually, both CCS segment customers). No individual customer represented 10% or more of total revenue in either FY 2021 or in the year ended December 31, 2020 (FY 2020).

Seasonality:

From time to time, we experience some level of seasonality in our quarterly revenue patterns across certain of our businesses. Recently, revenue from our Enterprise end market has decreased in the first quarter of the year compared to the previous quarter, and then increased in the second quarter, reflecting an increase in customer demand. We also typically experience our lowest overall revenue levels during the first quarter of each year. There can be no assurance that these patterns will continue. The addition of new customers has also introduced different demand cycles from our existing customers, creating more volatility and unpredictability in our revenue patterns. These and other factors make it difficult to isolate the impact of seasonality on our business.

4.ACQUISITIONS

On November 1, 2021, we completed the acquisition of 100% of the shares of PCI Private Limited (PCI), a fully integrated design, engineering and manufacturing solutions provider with five manufacturing and design facilities across Asia. The agreement governing the acquisition of PCI includes a customary post-closing net working capital adjustment (WCA). The purchase price for PCI was $314.7, net of $11.4 of cash acquired, and including a preliminary net WCA (which is subject to finalization in the first quarter of 2022). The purchase price was funded with a combination of cash and borrowings of $220.0 under the revolving portion of our credit facility (see note 8).

Details of our preliminary purchase price allocation in the year of acquisition are as follows:

Acquired assets and liabilities are recorded on our consolidated balance sheet at their fair values as of the date of acquisition. We expect to finalize our purchase price allocation by the end of the first quarter of 2022, once the WCA has been finalized, and the work of third-party consultants in estimating the fair values of acquired intangible assets (customer intangible assets) has been completed.

Had the acquisition occurred on January 1, 2021, the PCI acquisition would have contributed less than 10% to our consolidated revenue and net earnings for the year.

Newly-recognized customer intangible assets from the acquisition will be amortized on a straight line basis over an estimated useful life of 10 years. As a result, our amortization of intangible assets will increase by approximately $17 annually. Goodwill from the acquisition arose primarily from specific knowledge and capabilities of the acquired workforce and expected synergies from the combination of our operations. Such goodwill is attributable to our ATS segment and is not tax deductible.

We engaged third-party consultants to provide valuations of certain inventory, property, plant and equipment and intangible assets in connection with our acquisition of PCI. The fair value of the acquired tangible assets will be measured based on their value in-use, by applying the market (sales comparison, brokers' quotes), cost or replacement cost, or the income (discounted cash flow) approach, as deemed appropriate. The valuation of the intangible assets by the third-party consultants will be primarily based on the income approach using a discounted cash flow model and forecasts based on management's subjective estimates and assumptions. Various Level 2 and 3 data inputs of the fair value measurement hierarchy (described in note 21 to the 2020 AFS) were used in the valuation of the foregoing assets.

We recorded Acquisition Costs (defined in note 10) of $1.1 and $4.8 during Q4 2021 and FY 2021, respectively, related to our acquisition of PCI.

5. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Accounts receivable (A/R) sales program and supplier financing programs (SFPs):

We entered into an agreement in March 2020 with a third-party bank to sell up to $300.0 in A/R on an uncommitted basis, subject to pre-determined limits by customer. This one-year agreement provides for automatic annual one-year extensions, and was extended in March 2021. This agreement may be terminated at any time by the bank or by us upon 3 months’ prior notice, or by the bank upon specified defaults. We are required to comply with covenants, including those relating to the fulfillment of payment obligations and restrictions on the sale, assignment or creation of liens, with respect to A/R sold under this agreement. At December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we were in compliance with these covenants. Under our A/R sales program, we continue to collect cash from our customers and remit amounts collected to the bank weekly.

On November 1, 2021, upon consummation of our acquisition of PCI, we commenced participation in an SFP pertaining to a PCI customer. As a result, as of December 31, 2021, we participate in three SFPs (one with a CCS segment customer and two with ATS segment customers), pursuant to which we sell A/R from the relevant customer to third-party banks on an uncommitted basis. The SFPs have an indefinite term and may be terminated at any time by the customer or by us upon specified prior notice. We utilize the SFPs to substantially offset the effect of extended payment terms required by these customers on our working capital for the period. Under our SFPs, the third-party banks collect the relevant receivables directly from these customers.

At December 31, 2021, we sold $45.8 of A/R (December 31, 2020 — $119.7) under our A/R sales program, and $98.0 of A/R under our three SFPs, including $21.5 of A/R under the PCI customer's SFP (December 31, 2020 — $65.3 under two SFPs).The A/R sold under each of these programs are de-recognized from our A/R balance, and the proceeds are reflected as cash provided by operating activities in our consolidated statement of cash flows. Upon sale, we assign the rights to the A/R to the banks. A/R are sold net of discount charges, which are recorded as finance costs in our consolidated statement of operations.

Contract assets:

At December 31, 2021, our A/R balance included $253.5 of contract assets (December 31, 2020 — $231.8) recognized as revenue in accordance with our revenue recognition accounting policy.

6. INVENTORIES

We record inventory provisions, net of valuation recoveries, in cost of sales. Inventory provisions reflect write-downs in the value of our inventory to net realizable value, and valuation recoveries primarily reflect gains on the disposition of previously written-down inventory. We recorded net inventory provisions of $1.8 and $4.9 for Q4 2021 and FY 2021, respectively (Q4 2020 — $1.6; FY 2020 — $17.0).

We receive cash deposits from certain of our customers for working capital purposes, and to cover our risk of excess or obsolete inventory, including to help cover higher inventory levels carried to help mitigate the current constrained materials environment. Such deposits as of December 31, 2021 totaled $434.0 (December 31, 2020 — $174.7), and were recorded in accrued and other current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet.

7.PENSION AND NON-PENSION POST-EMPLOYMENT BENEFIT PLANS

To mitigate the actuarial and investment risks of our defined benefit pension plans, we purchase annuities from time to time (using existing plan assets) from third party insurance companies for certain, or all, plan participants. The purchase of annuities by the pension plan substantially hedges the financial risks associated with the related pension obligations. No such annuity purchases were made in Q4 2021 or FY 2021. In August 2020, the trustees of the defined benefit pension plan for our employees in the United Kingdom purchased annuities to hedge the pension benefits payable to newly-retired members of such plan. The annuity purchase resulted in a non-cash loss of $0.2 for Q3 2020, which we recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI) and simultaneously re-classified to deficit.

Our pension and post-employment defined benefit plan obligations are determined based on actuarial valuations. We recognize actuarial gains or losses arising from pension and non-pension post-employment defined benefit plans in OCI and we subsequently reclassify the amounts to deficit. During Q4 2021 and FY 2021, we recognized $9.3 of net actuarial gains, net of tax (Q4 2020 and FY 2020 — $9.1 of net actuarial losses, net of tax), relating to such benefit plans.

8.CREDIT FACILITIES AND LEASE OBLIGATIONS

We are party to a credit agreement with Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and the other lenders party thereto, which prior to the amendment described below, provided a term loan in the original principal amount of $350.0 (Initial Term Loan) and a term loan in the original principal amount of $250.0 (First Incremental Term Loan), each of which was scheduled to mature in June 2025, and a $450.0 revolving credit facility (Revolver) that was scheduled to mature in June 2023. On December 6, 2021, the credit agreement was amended (as so amended, the Credit Facility) primarily: (i) to provide a new term loan (Second Incremental Term Loan) in the original principal amount of $365.0 (all of which was drawn on the amendment date); (ii) to increase the commitments under the Revolver to $600.0 and extend its maturity date (see below), (iii) to ease certain covenant restrictions; and (iv) to include specified LIBOR successor provisions (see note 12). The Initial Term Loan and the Second Incremental Term Loan are collectively referred to as the Term Loans.

Borrowings under the Revolver bear interest at, depending on the currency of the borrowing and our election for such currency, LIBOR, Base Rate, Canadian Prime, an Alternative Currency Daily Rate, or an Alternative Currency Term Rate (each as defined in the Credit Facility) plus a specified margin. The margin for borrowings under the Revolver and the Second Incremental Term Loan ranges from 1.50% — 2.25% for LIBOR borrowings and Alternative Currency borrowings, and between 0.50% — 1.25% for Base Rate and Canadian Prime borrowings, in each case depending on the rate we select and our consolidated leverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Facility). Commitment fees range between 0.30% and 0.45% depending on our consolidated leverage ratio. The Initial Term Loan currently bears interest at LIBOR plus 2.125%. The Second Incremental Term Loan currently bears interest at LIBOR plus 2.0%. See note 12 for a description of the LIBOR successor provisions under the Credit Facility. Prior to the December 2021 Credit Facility amendment, the margin for borrowings under the Revolver ranged from 0.75% to 2.5%, commitment fees ranged between 0.35% and 0.50%, in each case depending on the rate we selected and our consolidated leverage ratio, the Initial Term Loan bore interest at LIBOR plus 2.125%, and the First Incremental Term Loan bore interest at LIBOR plus 2.5%.

The Initial Term Loan was unchanged by the December 2021 amendment to the Credit Facility, and continues to mature in June 2025. The Second Incremental Term Loan and the Revolver each mature on: March 28, 2025, unless either (i) the Initial Term Loan has been prepaid or refinanced or (ii) commitments under the Revolver are available and have been reserved to repay the Initial Term Loan in full, in which case they each mature on December 6, 2026.

The Second Incremental Term Loan requires quarterly principal repayments (commencing in the quarter ended March 31, 2022) of $4.5625, and each of the Term Loans requires a lump sum repayment of the remainder outstanding at maturity. The Initial Term Loan required quarterly principal repayments of $0.875, and the First Incremental Term Loan required quarterly principal repayments of $0.625, all of which (in each case) were paid by the end of the first half of 2020. We are also required to make annual prepayments of outstanding obligations under the Credit Facility (applied first to the Term Loans, then to the Revolver, in the manner set forth in the Credit Facility) ranging from 0% — 50% (based on a defined leverage ratio) of specified excess cash flow (ECF) for the prior fiscal year. A mandatory prepayment of $107.0 (ECF Amount) was required in the second quarter of 2020 (Q2 2020) under this provision, and was paid during the first half of 2020 (described below). No such prepayments based on 2020 ECF were required in 2021, or will be required in 2022 based on 2021 ECF. In addition, prepayments of outstanding obligations under the Credit Facility (applied as described above) may also be required in the amount of specified net cash proceeds received above a specified annual threshold (including proceeds from the disposal of certain assets). No Credit Facility prepayments based on 2020 net cash proceeds were required in 2021, or will be required in 2022 based on net cash proceeds for 2021. Any outstanding amounts under the Revolver are due at maturity.

In the first quarter of 2021 (Q1 2021), we repaid an aggregate of $30.0 under the First Incremental Term Loan. On October 27, 2021, we borrowed $220.0 under the Revolver to fund a portion of the purchase price for our November 2021 acquisition of PCI (see note 4). On December 6, 2021, upon receipt of the net proceeds from the $365.0 Second Incremental Term Loan, we repaid all remaining amounts outstanding under the First Incremental Term Loan ($145.0), terminating such loan, and repaid $215.0 of the $220.0 borrowed under the Revolver. On December 29, 2021, we repaid the remaining $5.0 outstanding under the Revolver. During the first quarter of 2020 (Q1 2020), we made the scheduled quarterly principal repayment of $0.875 under the Initial Term Loan, and also prepaid an aggregate of $60.0 under the First Incremental Term Loan. In April 2020, we prepaid $47.0 under the Initial Term Loan. These two prepayments satisfied all remaining scheduled quarterly principal repayments of the Initial Term Loan and First Incremental Term Loan prior to maturity (excess amounts were applied to remaining principal amounts outstanding thereunder), and also satisfied our obligations with respect to the ECF Amount. In June 2020, we prepaid an additional $1.5 under the Initial Term Loan and $12.5 under the First Incremental Term Loan.

Activity under our Credit Facility during 2020 and 2021 is set forth below:

At December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we were in compliance with all restrictive and financial covenants under the Credit Facility.

The following tables set forth, at the dates shown: outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility, excluding ordinary course letters of credit (L/Cs); notional amounts under interest rate swaps; and outstanding lease obligations:

⁽¹⁾ We incur debt issuance costs upon execution and amendment of the Credit Facility. Debt issuance costs incurred in Q4 2021 and FY 2021 in connection with our Revolver totaling $2.2 (nil and $0.3 in Q4 2020 and FY 2020, respectively) were deferred as other assets on our consolidated balance sheets and are amortized on a straight line basis over the term (or remaining term, as applicable) of the Revolver. Debt issuance costs incurred in Q4 2021 and FY 2021 in connection with our Term Loans totaling $1.8 (nil in each of Q4 2020 and FY 2020) were deferred as long-term debt on our consolidated balance sheets and are amortized over their respective terms using the effective interest rate method. In December 2021, we accelerated the amortization of $2.6 of unamortized deferred financing costs related to the termination of the First Incremental Term Loan, which we recorded in other charges (see note 10).

The following table sets forth, at the dates shown, information regarding outstanding L/Cs, surety bonds and overdraft facilities:

Finance costs consist of interest expense and fees related to our Credit Facility (including debt issuance and related amortization costs), our interest rate swap agreements, our A/R sales program and SFPs, and interest expense on our lease obligations, net of interest income earned.

9. CAPITAL STOCK

SVS Repurchase Plans:

On November 19, 2020, the TSX accepted our notice to launch a normal course issuer bid (2020 NCIB), which allowed us to repurchase, at our discretion, from November 24, 2020 until the earlier of November 23, 2021 or the completion of purchases thereunder, up to approximately 9.0 million SVS in the open market, or as otherwise permitted, subject to the normal terms and limitations of such bids. The maximum number of SVS we were permitted to repurchase for cancellation under the 2020 NCIB was reduced by the number of SVS purchased in the open market during the term of the 2020 NCIB to satisfy delivery obligations under our SBC plans. As part of the 2020 NCIB process, we from time-to-time entered into automatic share purchase plans (ASPPs) with a broker, that allowed the broker to purchase our SVS in the open market on our behalf (for cancellation under the 2020 NCIB), including during any applicable trading blackout periods (ASPP Purchases), up to specified daily quantities at specified prices through the term of each ASPP. In each of December 2020, March 2021, and June 2021 we entered into ASPPs, each of which have since expired. At December 31, 2020, we had accrued $15.0, representing the estimated contractual maximum number of permitted SVS repurchases (Contractual Maximum) under the December 2020 ASPP (2.0 million SVS). This accrual was reversed in Q1 2021. No repurchases were made under the December 2020 ASPP prior to its expiration in January 2021. For each of the March 2021 and June 2021 ASPPs, we accrued the Contractual Maximum under the respective ASPPs (which were subsequently reversed). Repurchases of 1.7 million SVS (for cancellation) were made under the March 2021 and June 2021 ASPPs during FY 2021.

On December 2, 2021, the TSX accepted our notice to launch a new normal course issuer bid (2021 NCIB). The 2021 NCIB allows us to repurchase, at our discretion, from December 6, 2021 until the earlier of December 5, 2022 or the completion of purchases thereunder, up to approximately 9.0 million of our SVS in the open market, or as otherwise permitted, subject to the normal terms and limitations of such bids. The maximum number of SVS we are permitted to repurchase for cancellation under the 2021 NCIB will be reduced by the number of SVS we purchase in the open market during the term of the 2021 NCIB to satisfy delivery obligations under our SBC plans (see below). As of December 31, 2021, approximately 8.3 million SVS remain available for repurchase under the 2021 NCIB either for cancellation or SBC delivery purposes.

In December 2021, we entered into an ASPP (NCIB ASPP) with a broker, that allows the broker to purchase on our behalf (for cancellation under the 2021 NCIB), during specified dates, including during any applicable trading blackout periods, up to the NYSE and TSX daily maximums (subject to certain conditions) at specified share prices. At December 31, 2021, we recorded an accrual of $7.5 (NCIB Accrual), representing the estimated Contractual Maximum (0.7 million SVS) under the NCIB ASPP. As of December 31, 2021, 0.0036 million SVS were repurchased under the NCIB ASPP. In December 2021, we entered into an additional ASPP (SBC ASPP) with a broker, that allows the broker to purchase on our behalf (for delivery obligations under our SBC plans), during specified dates (including during any applicable trading blackout periods), and subject to certain conditions, up to 3.7 million SVS. At December 31, 2021, we recorded an accrual of $33.8 (SBC Accrual), representing the estimated Contractual Maximum (3.0 million SVS) under the SBC ASPP. As of December 31, 2021, 0.7 million SVS were repurchased under the SBC ASPP.

SVS repurchases:

Information regarding SVS repurchase activities for the periods indicated is set forth below:

⁽¹⁾Includes transaction fees.⁽²⁾For Q4 2020 and FY 2020, excludes an accrual of $15.0 we recorded at December 31, 2020, representing the estimated Contractual Maximum under the December 2020 ASPP. For Q4 2021 and FY 2021, excludes the $7.5 NCIB Accrual. ⁽³⁾Includes 0.0036 million and 1.7 million ASPP Purchases of SVS for cancellation in Q4 2021 and FY 2021, respectively (there were no ASPP Purchases in Q4 2020 or FY 2020).⁽⁴⁾For Q4 2021 and FY 2021, excludes the $33.8 SBC Accrual.⁽⁵⁾Includes 0.7 million ASPP Purchases for SBC delivery obligations in Q4 2021 and FY 2021 (there were no ASPP Purchases in Q4 2020 or FY 2020).

SBC:

From time to time, we pay cash to a broker to purchase SVS in the open market to satisfy delivery requirements under our SBC plans. At December 31, 2021, the broker held 1.4 million SVS with a value (excluding the SBC Accrual) of $15.1 (December 31, 2020 — 2.4 million SVS with a value of $15.7) for this purpose, which we report as treasury stock on our consolidated balance sheet. We used 2.8 million SVS held by the broker (including additional SVS purchased during the year) to settle SBC awards that vested during FY 2021.

We grant restricted share units (RSUs) and performance share units (PSUs), and from time-to-time stock options, to employees under our SBC plans. The majority of RSUs vest one-third per year over a three-year period. Stock options generally vest 25% per year over a four-year period. The number of outstanding PSUs that will actually vest will vary from 0% to 200% of a target amount granted based on the level of achievement of a pre-determined non-market performance measurement in the final year of a three-year performance period, subject to modification by each of a separate pre-determined non-market financial target and our relative Total Shareholder Return (TSR) performance over the three-year vesting period. The portion of our expense that relates to performance-based compensation is subject to adjustment in any period to reflect changes in the estimated level of achievement of pre-determined goals and financial targets. Based on reviews of the status of the non-market performance vesting condition and modifier, we recorded $2.4 and $8.4 in expense reversals in Q4 2020 and FY 2020, respectively, to reflect reductions in the estimated number of PSUs expected to vest at the end of January 2021. No significant adjustments were recorded in Q4 2021 or FY 2021 with respect to PSUs expected to vest at the end of January 2022. We also grant deferred share units (DSUs) and RSUs (under specified circumstances) to directors as compensation under our Directors' Share Compensation Plan.

Information regarding RSU, PSU, DSU and stock option grants to employees and directors, as applicable, for the periods indicated is set forth below:

Information regarding employee and director SBC expense for the periods indicated is set forth below:

⁽¹⁾ Expense consists of the director compensation to be settled with SVS, or SVS and cash, as elected by each director.

10. OTHER CHARGES (RECOVERIES)

Annual Impairment Assessment:

We review the carrying amount of goodwill, intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, and right-of-use (ROU) assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances (triggering events) indicate that the carrying amount of such assets, or the related CGU or CGUs, may not be recoverable. If any such indication exists, we test the carrying amount of such assets or CGUs for impairment. No triggering events occurred during FY 2020 or FY 2021 (however, refer to paragraph (a) below for a description of write-downs of specified assets during such periods in connection with our restructuring activities). In addition to an assessment of triggering events during the year, we conduct an annual impairment assessment of CGUs with goodwill in the fourth quarter of each year to correspond with our annual planning cycle (Annual Impairment Assessment). During each of Q4 2020 and Q4 2021, we performed our Annual Impairment Assessment of CGUs with goodwill and determined that there was no impairment, as the recoverable amount of such CGUs exceeded their respective carrying values.

(a)Restructuring:

During Q4 2021, we recorded restructuring charges of $2.4. During FY 2021, we recorded net restructuring charges of $10.5 (Q4 2020 and FY 2020 — $6.8 and $25.8 of restructuring charges, respectively). Our restructuring activities for Q4 2021 and FY 2021 consisted primarily of actions to adjust our cost base to address reduced levels of demand in certain of our businesses and geographies.

In Q4 2021, we recorded cash restructuring charges of $1.5 and non-cash restructuring charges of $0.9. In FY 2021, we recorded cash restructuring charges of $9.8 and net non-cash restructuring charges of $0.7 (consisting of non-cash restructuring charges of $1.5 and non-cash restructuring recoveries of $0.8). The cash charges consisted primarily of employee termination costs, and the non-cash charges consisted primarily of the write-down of equipment related to disengaged programs. The non-cash recoveries for FY 2021 primarily reflect gains on the sale of surplus equipment. We recorded cash charges of $6.7 and $23.3 in Q4 2020 and FY 2020, respectively, primarily for employee termination costs, and non-cash charges of $0.1 and $2.5, respectively, reflecting the write-down of right-of-use assets in connection with vacated properties, resulting in part from sublet recoveries that were lower than the carrying value of the related assets, offset by gains on the disposition of surplus equipment in Q4 2020. Non-cash charges for FY 2020 also included the write-down of certain equipment related to disengaged programs in Q1 2020. At December 31, 2021, our restructuring provision was $6.1 (December 31, 2020 — $4.7), which we recorded in the current portion of provisions on our consolidated balance sheet.

(b)Transition Costs:

We incurred Transition Costs (defined in note 16(c) to the 2020 AFS) of $0.9 and $1.2 during Q4 2021 and FY 2021, respectively (nil in each of Q4 2020 and FY 2020) pertaining to the transfer of manufacturing lines from closed sites to other sites within our global network.

(c)Credit Facility-related charges:

Credit facility-related charges in Q4 2021 consist primarily of a $2.6 charge to accelerate the amortization of unamortized deferred financing costs upon termination of the First Incremental Term Loan in connection with our December 2021 amendment to the Credit Facility. See note 8 for a discussion of such amendment.

(d)Acquisition Costs (Recoveries) and Other:

We incur consulting, transaction and integration costs relating to potential and completed acquisitions. We also incur charges or releases related to the subsequent re-measurement of indemnification assets or the release of indemnification or other liabilities recorded in connection with acquisitions, when applicable. Collectively, these costs, charges and releases are referred to as Acquisition Costs (Recoveries), and are recorded in other charges in our consolidated statement of operations. We recorded Acquisition Costs of $1.1 and $7.3 during Q4 2021 and FY 2021, respectively, related in each case to acquisition activities, including the acquisition of PCI (see note 4), offset in part (in FY 2021) by $1.2 of releases recorded in Q1 2021 related to certain indirect tax liabilities previously recorded in connection with our acquisition of Impakt Holdings, LLC. We recorded $0.2 of Acquisition Costs in Q4 2020 and FY 2020 related to potential acquisitions.

Other consists of legal recoveries of nil in Q4 2021 and $10.5 in FY 2021 ($2.5 in Q4 2020 and FY 2020) in connection with the settlement of class action lawsuits (for component parts purchased in prior periods) in which we were a plaintiff.

11. INCOME TAXES

Our income tax expense or recovery for each quarter is determined by multiplying the earnings or losses before tax for such quarter by management’s best estimate of the weighted-average annual income tax rate expected for the full year, taking into account the tax effect of certain items recognized in the interim period. As a result, the effective income tax rates used in our interim financial statements may differ from management’s estimate of the annual effective tax rate for the annual financial statements. Our estimated annual effective income tax rate varies as the quarters progress, for various reasons, including as a result of the mix and volume of business in various tax jurisdictions within the Americas, Europe and Asia, in jurisdictions with tax holidays and tax incentives, and in jurisdictions for which no net deferred income tax assets have been recognized because management believes it is not probable that future taxable profit will be available against which tax losses and deductible temporary differences could be utilized. Our annual effective income tax rate can also vary due to the impact of restructuring charges, foreign exchange fluctuations, operating losses, cash repatriations, tax incentives, deferred tax asset recognition and changes in our provisions related to tax uncertainties.

Our Q4 2021 net income tax expense of $9.7 included favorable tax impacts related to the geographical mix of our profits, a $1.5 deferred tax recovery recorded in connection with the revaluation of certain temporary differences using the future effective tax rate of our Thailand subsidiary in connection with the upcoming transition from a 100% income tax exemption to a 50% exemption in 2022 under an applicable tax incentive (Revaluation Impact) and a $2.0 tax expense arising from taxable temporary differences associated with the anticipated repatriation of undistributed earnings from certain of our Chinese subsidiaries (Repatriation Expense). Our FY 2021 net income tax expense of $32.1 was favorably impacted by a $7.6 Revaluation Impact, largely offset by a $6.0 Repatriation Expense. Taxable foreign exchange impacts were not significant in either Q4 2021 or FY 2021.

For Q4 2020, our net income tax expense of $6.3 included an $11.8 withholding tax accrual associated with the then-anticipated repatriation of undistributed earnings from certain of our Chinese and Thai subsidiaries, offset in large part by the following favorable impacts: (i) $4.1 in return-to-provision (RTP) adjustments, (ii) the recognition of $2.6 of previously unrecognized deferred tax assets (DTA Recognition) of our Japanese subsidiary, and (iii) $4.5 in favorable foreign exchange impacts (Currency Impacts) arising primarily from the strengthening of the Chinese renminbi relative to the U.S. dollar (our functional currency). For FY 2020, our net income tax expense of $29.6 included $18.3 of tax expenses relating to current and future withholding taxes associated with repatriations of undistributed earnings from certain of our Chinese and Thai subsidiaries that occurred in FY 2020 or were then-anticipated to occur in the foreseeable future, offset in large part by the favorable impact of the $4.1 in RTP adjustments, the $2.6 DTA Recognition, $5.1 in favorable Currency Impacts, arising primarily from the strengthening of the Chinese renminbi relative to the U.S. dollar, and a $5.7 reversal of tax uncertainties in certain of our Asian subsidiaries in Q1 2020.

12.FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISK MANAGEMENT:

Our financial assets are comprised primarily of cash and cash equivalents, A/R, and derivatives used for hedging purposes. Our financial liabilities are comprised primarily of accounts payable, certain accrued and other liabilities, the Term Loans, borrowings under the Revolver, lease obligations, and derivatives.

Interest rate risk:

Borrowings under the Credit Facility expose us to interest rate risk due to the potential variability of market interest rates. In order to partially hedge against our exposure to interest rate variability on our Term Loans, we have entered into various agreements with third-party banks to swap the variable interest rate (based on LIBOR plus a margin) with a fixed rate of interest for a portion of the borrowings under our Term Loans. At December 31, 2021, we had: (i) interest rate swaps hedging the interest rate risk associated with $100.0 of our Initial Term Loan borrowings that expire in August 2023 (reflecting our exercise of a partial cancellation option described below), and additional interest rate swaps hedging the interest rate risk associated with $100.0 of our Initial Term Loan borrowings effective upon such expiration through June 2024 and (ii) interest rate swaps hedging the interest rate risk associated with $100.0 of outstanding borrowings under the Second Incremental Term Loan, which expire in December 2023. Prior to the repayment in full of the First Incremental Term Loan on December 6, 2021 (see note 8), we had interest rate swaps hedging the interest rate risk associated with $100.0 of outstanding borrowings thereunder, which were scheduled to expire in December 2023. As the First Incremental Term Loan and the Second Incremental Term Loan have the same interest rate risk, these interest rate swaps continued, and now cover $100.0 of outstanding borrowings under the Second Incremental Term Loan. In September 2021, we exercised our option to cancel $75.0 of the notional amount of the interest rate swaps covering the Initial Term Loan (increasing the unhedged amount thereunder by a corresponding amount). See note 21 to the 2020 AFS for additional detail regarding these interest rate swap agreements, including our exercise in December 2020 of an option to cancel $75.0 of the notional amount of the interest rate swaps covering the First Incremental Term Loan (increasing the unhedged amount thereunder by a corresponding amount).

At December 31, 2021, the interest rate risk related to $460.4 of borrowings under the Credit Facility was unhedged, consisting of unhedged amounts outstanding under the Term Loans ($195.4 under the Initial Term Loan and $265.0 under the Second Incremental Term Loan), and no amounts outstanding (other than ordinary course L/Cs) under the Revolver. See note 8.

At December 31, 2021, the fair value of our interest rate swap agreements was a net unrealized loss of $6.9, consisting of aggregate unrealized gains of $0.5 for certain of our swaps, which we recorded in other non-current assets, and aggregate unrealized losses of $7.4 on the remainder (December 31, 2020 — aggregate unrealized loss of $16.5 (no unrealized gains)), which we recorded in other non-current liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet. The unrealized portion of the change in fair value of the swaps is recorded in OCI. The realized portion of the change in fair value of the swaps is released from accumulated OCI and recognized under finance costs in our consolidated statement of operations in the respective interest payment periods.

Global reform of major interest rate benchmarks is currently underway, including the anticipated replacement of some Interbank Offered Rates (including LIBOR) with alternative nearly risk-free rates. See note 2, "Recently issued accounting standards and amendments" of the 2020 AFS. There remains uncertainty over the timing and methods of transition to such alternate rates.

We have obligations under our Credit Facility, lease arrangements and derivative instruments that are indexed to LIBOR (LIBOR Agreements). The interest rates under these agreements are subject to change when relevant LIBOR benchmark rates cease to exist. Our Credit Facility provides that when the administrative agent, the majority of lenders or we determine that LIBOR (or for any Alternative Currency (as defined in the Credit Facility), the corresponding rate for such currency) is unavailable or being replaced (or, in the case of LIBOR borrowings under the Revolver and the Second Incremental Term Loan, at our joint election with the administrative agent), then we and the administrative agent may amend the underlying credit agreement to reflect a successor rate as specified therein. Once LIBOR becomes unavailable, if no successor rate has been established, applicable loans under the Credit Facility accruing interest at LIBOR will convert to Base Rate loans. Other LIBOR Agreements do not specify a successor rate, nor specify when the benchmark change will occur. Those LIBOR Agreements will require future amendment. While we expect that reasonable alternatives to LIBOR will be implemented in advance of its cessation date, we cannot assure that this will be the case. If LIBOR is no longer available and the alternative reference rate is higher, interest rates under the affected LIBOR Agreements would increase, which would adversely impact our interest expense, our financial performance and cash flows. In addition, hedge ineffectiveness could result due to the cessation of LIBOR, in particular where our interest rate swap agreements transition using a different spread adjustment as compared to the underlying hedged debt. We will continue to monitor developments with respect to the cessation of LIBOR, and will evaluate potential impacts on our LIBOR Agreements, processes, systems, risk management methodology and valuations, financial reporting, taxes, and financial results. However, we are currently unable to predict what the future replacement rates or consequences on our operations or financial results will be. Our A/R sales program and three customers SFPs were indexed to LIBOR, and have migrated to alternative benchmark rates with predetermined spreads in January 2022 and October 2021, respectively.

Currency risk:

The majority of our currency risk is driven by operational costs, including income tax expense, incurred in local currencies by our subsidiaries. We cannot predict changes in currency exchange rates, the impact of exchange rate changes on our operating results, nor the degree to which we will be able to manage the impact of currency exchange rate changes. Such changes, including negative impacts on currency exchange rates related to the COVID-19 pandemic, could have a material effect on our business, financial performance and financial condition.

Our major currency exposures at December 31, 2021 are summarized in U.S. dollar equivalents in the following table. The local currency amounts have been converted to U.S. dollar equivalents using spot rates at December 31, 2021.

We enter into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge our cash flow exposures and foreign currency swaps to hedge our balance sheet exposures. While these contracts are intended to reduce the effects of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, our hedging strategy does not mitigate the longer-term impacts of changes to foreign exchange rates. At December 31, 2021, we had foreign currency forwards and swaps to trade U.S. dollars in exchange for the following currencies:

At December 31, 2021, the aggregate fair value of our outstanding contracts was a net unrealized gain of $1.2 (December 31, 2020 — net unrealized gain of $23.3), resulting from fluctuations in foreign exchange rates between the contract execution and the period-end date.

Credit risk:

Credit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty may default on its contractual obligations resulting in a financial loss to us. We believe our credit risk of counterparty non-performance continues to be relatively low. We are in regular contact with our customers, suppliers and logistics providers, and have not experienced significant counterparty credit-related non-performance in FY 2020 or FY 2021. However, if a key supplier (or any company within such supplier's supply chain) or customer fails to comply with their contractual obligations, this could result in a significant financial loss to us. We would also suffer a significant financial loss if an institution from which we purchased foreign currency exchange contracts and swaps, interest rate swaps, or annuities for our pension plans defaults on their contractual obligations. With respect to our financial market activities, we have adopted a policy of dealing only with counterparties we deem to be creditworthy. No significant adjustments were made to our allowance for doubtful accounts during Q4 2021, FY 2021 or the respective prior year periods in connection with our ongoing assessments and monitoring initiatives.

Liquidity risk:

Liquidity risk is the risk that we may not have cash available to satisfy our financial obligations as they come due. The majority of our financial liabilities recorded in accounts payable, accrued and other current liabilities and provisions are due within 90 days. We manage liquidity risk through maintenance of cash on hand and access to the various financing arrangements described in notes 5 and 8. We believe that cash flow from operating activities, together with cash on hand, cash from accepted sales of A/R (although there can be no assurance that any participant bank will purchase any of the A/R that we wish to sell), and borrowings available under the Revolver and potentially available under uncommitted intraday and overnight bank overdraft facilities are sufficient to fund our currently anticipated financial obligations, and will remain available in the current environment.

13. COVID-19 GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES

We determined that we qualified for COVID Subsidies during 2021 and 2020 from various government authorities, the most significant of which were provided under the Canadian Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS) first announced by the Government of Canada in April 2020. Due to changes in legislation, however, we did not apply for further COVID Subsidies under the CEWS after June 2021. For Q4 2021 and FY 2021, we determined that we qualified for an estimated aggregate of approximately nil and $11 of COVID Subsidies, respectively, which we recognized as a reduction to the related expenses in cost of goods sold (Q4 2021 — nil; FY 2021 — $8) and SG&A (Q4 2021 — nil; FY 2021— $3) in our consolidated statement of operations. For Q4 2020 and FY 2020, we determined that we qualified for an estimated aggregate of approximately $8 and $34 of COVID Subsidies, respectively, which we recognized as a reduction to the related expenses in cost of goods sold (Q4 2020 — $7; FY 2020 — $27) and SG&A (Q4 2020 — $1; FY 2020 — $7) in our consolidated statement of operations.

14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Litigation and Other Matters:

In the normal course of our operations, we may be subject to lawsuits, investigations and other claims, including environmental, labor, product, customer disputes, and other matters. Management believes that adequate provisions have been recorded where required. Although it is not always possible to estimate the extent of potential costs, if any, we believe that the ultimate resolution of all such pending matters will not have a material adverse impact on our financial performance, financial position or liquidity.

In 2017, the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communications (MCTIC) issued assessments seeking to disqualify certain research and development expenses for the years 2006 to 2009, which entitled our Brazilian subsidiary (which ceased operations in 2009) to charge reduced sales tax levies to its customers. We received lower re-assessments for 2007 and 2008 during Q1 2020 in response to our initial appeal, and in Q4 2021, the MCTIC accepted our appeal in respect of 2006 resulting in no adjustment to our original filing position for such year. We intend to continue to appeal the original assessments for 2009 and the re-assessments for 2007 and 2008. See note 25 to the 2020 AFS for further details. As of December 31, 2021, the assessments and re-assessments, including interest and penalties, total approximately 12 million Brazilian real (approximately $2 at period-end exchange rates) for all such years, reduced from original assessments totaling approximately 39 million Brazilian real (approximately $7 at period-end exchange rates).

In Q3 2021, the Romanian tax authorities issued a final assessment in the aggregate amount of approximately 31 million Romanian leu (approximately $7 at period-end exchange rates), for additional income and value-added taxes for one of our Romanian subsidiaries for the 2014 to 2018 tax years. In order to advance our case to the appeals phase and reduce or eliminate potential interest and penalties, we paid the Romanian tax authorities the full amount assessed in Q3 2021 (without agreement to all or any portion of such assessment). We believe that our originally-filed tax return positions are in compliance with applicable Romanian tax laws and regulations, and intend to vigorously defend our position through all necessary appeals or other judicial processes.

The successful pursuit of assertions made by any government authority, including tax authorities, could result in our owing significant amounts of tax or other reimbursements, interest and possibly penalties. We believe we adequately accrue for any probable potential adverse ruling. However, there can be no assurance as to the final resolution of any claims and any resulting proceedings. If any claims and any ensuing proceedings are determined adversely to us, the amounts we may be required to pay could be material, and in excess of amounts accrued.