In a 2008 article for The Atlantic, Nicholas Carr asked, “Is Google Making Us Stupid?” Carr argued that the internet as a whole, not just Google, has been “chipping away [at his] capacity for concentration and contemplation.” He was concerned that the internet was “reprogramming us.” [1]
No entanto, Carr também observou que nós deveríamos "ser céticos em relação ao [seu] ceticismo," porque talvez ele seja "apenas um preocupador". Ele explicou: "Assim como há uma tendência para glorificar o progresso tecnológico, há uma contra-tendência para esperar o pior de cada nova ferramenta ou máquina." [1]
O artigo, e o livro subsequente de Carr, The Shallows: O que a Internet está fazendo aos nossos cérebros (2010, revisado em 2020), iniciou um debate contínuo dentro e fora da internet sobre como o meio está mudando as maneiras que pensamos, como interagimos com o texto e uns com os outros, e o próprio tecido da sociedade como um todo. [1]
A Internet é "Faz-nos Estúpidos"? *** Leva a Polícia ProCon ***
Questões de discussão Questões
A Internet está a fazer de nós, como sociedade, "estúpidos"? Cite as suas provas e explique como acredita que a Internet está ou não a "tornar-nos estúpidos".
A Internet afecta a tua maneira de pensar? Notou efeitos bons ou maus depois de estar online? Que efeitos e o que estava a fazer online que acredita ter causado esses efeitos?
Como podemos usar a Internet de forma responsável? Dê exemplos e explique por que são importantes.
Tomar medidas de acção
1) Leia o argumento profissional original de Nicholas Carr no Atlântico.
2) Analisar comentários de 11 peritos sobre se "a utilização constante de tecnologias digitais [são] que afectam a nossa saúde cerebral" na Vox.
3) Considerem-se exemplos históricos de tecnofobia em Slate.
4) Considere como se sentiu em relação ao assunto antes de ler este artigo. Depois de ler os prós e os contras sobre este assunto, o seu pensamento mudou? Em caso afirmativo, como? Lista de duas a três maneiras. Se os seus pensamentos não mudaram, faça uma lista de duas a três maneiras de compreender melhor o "outro lado da questão" agora ajuda-o a defender a sua posição.
5) Pressione a posição e as políticas que apoia, escrevendo senadores e representantes nacionais dos EUA.
Fontes das fontes
| 1. | Nicholas Carr, “Is Google Making Us Stupid?,” theatlantic.com, July/Aug. 2008 | |
| 2. | Nicholas Carr, The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, 2020 | |
| 3. | Joseph Firth, et al., “The ‘Online Brain’: How the Internet May Be Changing Our Cognition,” World Psychiatry, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, June 2019 | |
| 4. | Maryanne Wolf, “Skim Reading Is the New Normal. The Effect on Society Is Profound,” theguardian.com, Aug. 25, 2018 | |
| 5. | Bonnie Kristian, “Our Parents Warned Us the Internet Would Break Our Brains. It Broke Theirs Instead.,” theweek.com, Nov. 25, 2020 | |
| 6. | Will Conaway, “Technology Is on the Rise, while IQ Is on the Decline,” forbes.com, Apr. 29, 2020 | |
| 7. | Bob Yirka, “Researchers Find IQ Scores Dropping since the 1970s,” medicalxpress.com, June 12, 2018 | |
| 8. | Mahita Gajanan, “IQ Scores Are Falling Due to Environmental Factors, Study Finds,” time.com, June 13, 2018 | |
| 9. | Rory Smith, “IQ scores Are Falling and Have Been for Decades, New Study Finds,” cnn.com, June 14, 2018 | |
| 10. | Bernt Bratsberg and Ole Rogeberg,” Flynn Effect and Its Reversal Are Both Environmentally Caused,” pnas.org, June 26, 2018 | |
| 11. | Scottie Andrew, “Are Humans Dumber? Study Finds IQ Scores Have Been Dropping for Decades, and the Media Might Be to Blame,” newsweek.com, June 12, 2018 | |
| 12. | Brittany Levine Beckman, “The Internet Tricked Me into Believing I Can Multitask,” mashable.com, Jan. 31, 2021 | |
| 13. | David Burkus, “Why You Can’t Multi-Task,” psychologytoday.com, Nov. 15, 2018 | |
| 14. | Jodie Naze, “Does Using the Internet Reduce Your Intelligence?,” computerworld.com, May 10, 2005 | |
| 15. | Ashley Collman, “College Students Say They Can't Send in Their Absentee Ballots because They Don't Know Where to Buy Stamps,” businessinsider.com, Sep. 19, 2018 | |
| 16. | Joseph Stromberg, “Is GPS Ruining Our Ability to Navigate for Ourselves?,” vox.com, Sep 2, 2015 | |
| 17. | Maura Judkis, “Do Millennials Really Not Know How to Cook? With Technology, They Don’t Really Have To.,” washingtonpost.com, Apr. 12, 2018 | |
| 18. | Porch, “Cooking Nightmares: A Generational Look at Capabilities in the Kitchen,” porch.com (accessed Mar. 17, 2021) | |
| 19. | Janet Burns, “Early Trains Were Thought to Make Women’s Uteruses Fly Out,” mentalfloss.com, Aug. 26, 2015 | |
| 20. | Vaughan Bell, “Don’t Touch That Dial!: A History of Media Technology Scares, from the Printing Press to Facebook,” slate.com, Feb. 15, 2010 | |
| 21. | Len Wilson, “11 Examples of Fear and Suspicion of New Technology,” lenwilson.us, Feb. 11, 2014 | |
| 22. | Adrienne LaFrance, “In 1858, People Said the Telegraph Was 'Too Fast for the Truth' Sound Familiar?,” theatlantic.com, July 28, 2014 | |
| 23. | Taylor Danielle, “9 Times in History When Everyone Freaked out about New Technology” ranker.com (accessed Mar. 15, 2021) | |
| 24. | Josh Barro, “Thirty Years Before SOPA, MPAA Feared the VCR,” forbes.com, Jan. 18, 2012 | |
| 25. | John Rosales, "The Racist Beginnings of Standardized Testing," nea.org, Apr. 24, 2018 | |
| 26. | Frontline, "Interview: James Popham," pbs.org, Apr. 25, 2001 | |
| 27. | Young Whan Choi, "How to Address Racial Bias in Standardized Testing," nextgenlearning.org, Mar. 31, 2020 | |
| 28. | Christopher Bergland, "Why Do Rich Kids Have Higher Standardized Test Scores?," psychologytoday.com, Apr. 18, 2015 | |
| 29. | Eloy Ortiz Oakley, "Commentary: Standardized Tests Reward Kids from Wealthy Families," sandiegouniontribune.com, Nov. 27, 2019 | |
| 30. | Carly Berwick, "What Does the Research Say about Testing?," edutopia.org, Oct. 25, 2019 | |
| 31. | Tyler Sonnemaker, “The Number of Americans without Reliable Internet Access May Be Way Higher than the Government's Estimate — and That Could Cause Major Problems in 2020,” businessinsider.com, Mar. 12, 2020 | |
| 32. | Microsoft News Center, “Nextlink Internet and Microsoft Closing Broadband Gap in Central US,” news.microsoft.com, Sep. 18, 2019 | |
| 33. | Kathleen Stansberry, Janna Anderson, and Lee Rainie, “Experts Optimistic about the Next 50 Years of Digital Life,” pewresearch.org, Oct. 28, 2019 | |
| 34. | Rebecca Thorne, “Social Media as a Communication Tool for Disabled People,” everyonecan.org.uk (accessed on Mar. 16, 2021) | |
| 35. | Namkee G Choi and Diana M DiNitto, “Internet Use among Older Adults: Association with Health Needs, Psychological Capital, and Social Capital,” Journal of Medical Internet Research, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, May 2013 | |
| 36. | Andreas Ihle, et al., “Internet Use in Old Age Predicts Smaller Cognitive Decline Only in Men,” nature.com, June 2, 2020 | |
| 37. | Erman Misirlisoy, “This Is Your Brain on the Internet,” medium.com, Sep. 3, 2018 | |
| 38. | Saga Briggs, “6 Ways Digital Media Impacts the Brain,” opencolleges.edu.au, Sep. 12, 2016 | |
| 39. | Brian Resnick, Julia Belluz, and Eliza Barclay, “Is Our Constant Use of Digital Technologies Affecting Our Brain Health?,” vox.com, Feb 26, 2019 | |
| 40. | David Ingram, "The Internet Is Tricking Our Brains," nbcnews.com, Dec. 9, 2021 |
