In classic UC San Diego fashion, an overheard conversation at a campus coffee cart has turned into an interdisciplinary project that's making computing-intensive coursework more exciting while saving well over $1 million dollars so far. The effort gives UC San Diego graduate and undergraduate students—and their professors—better hardware and software ecosystems for exploring real-world, data-intensive and computing-intensive projects and problems in their courses.
It all started while UC San Diego computer science and engineering professor Larry Smarr was waiting for coffee in the "Bear" courtyard at the Jacobs School of Engineering a little more than three years ago. While standing in line, Smarr overheard a student say, "I can't get a job interview if I haven't run TensorFlow on a GPU on a real problem."
While this one student's conundrum may sound extremely technical and highly specific, Smarr heard a general need; and he saw an opportunity. In particular, Smarr realized that innovations coming out of a U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) funded research project he leads—the Pacific Research Platform (PRP)—could be leveraged to create better computing infrastructure for university courses that rely heavily on machine learning, data visualizations, and other topics that require significant computer resources. This infrastructure would make it easier for professors to offer courses that challenge students to solve real-world data- and computation-intensive problems, including things like what he heard at the coffee cart: running TensorFlow on a GPU on a real problem.
Fast forward to 2022, and Smarr's spark of an idea has grown into a cross-campus collaboration called the UC San Diego Data Science/Machine Learning Platform or the UC San Diego JupyterHub. Through this platform, the inexpensive, high-performance computational building blocks combining hardware and software that Smarr and his PRP collaborators designed for use in computation-intensive research across the country are now also the backbone of dynamic computing ecosystems for UC San Diego students and professors who use machine learning, data visualization, and other computing- and data-intensive tools in their courses. The platform has been widely used in every division on campus, including with courses taught in biological sciences, cognitive science, computer science, data science, engineering, health sciences, marine sciences, medicine, music, physical sciences, public health and more.
It's a unique, collaborative project that leverages federally funded computing research innovations for classroom use. To make the jump from research to classroom applications, a creative and hardworking interdisciplinary team at UC San Diego came together. UC San Diego's IT Services / Academic Technology Services stepped up in a big way. Senior architect Adam Tilghman and chief programmer David Andersen led the implementation effort, with leadership and funding support from UC San Diego CIO Vince Kellen and Academic Technology Senior Director Valerie Polichar. The project has already helped the campus avoid well over $1 million dollars in cloud-computing spend, according to Kellen.
At the same time, the project gives the UC San Diego community tools to encourage the back-and-forth flow of students and ideas between classroom projects and follow-on research projects.
"Our students are getting access to the same level of computing capacity that normally only a researcher using an advanced system like a supercomputer would get. The students are exploring much more complex data problems because they can," said Smarr, who was also the founding director of the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology (Calit2), a UC San Diego / UC Irvine partnership. Calit2 is now expanding to also include UC Riverside.
Personal genomics
One of the many professors from all across campus using the UC San Diego Data Science / Machine Learning Platform for courses is Melissa Gymrek, who is a professor in both the Department of Computer Science and Engineering and the Department of Medicine's Division of Genetics.
Her students write and run code in a software environment called Jupyter Notebooks that runs on the UC San Diego platform. "They can write code in the notebook and press execute and see the results. They can build figures to visualize data. We focus a lot more now on data visualizations," said Gymrek.
One of the thousands of UC San Diego students who has used the platform extensively is Xuan Zhang. Through the data- and visualization-intensive coursework in CSE 284, Zhang realized that the higher order genetic structures at the center of her chemistry Ph.D. dissertation—R-Loops—could be regulated by the short tandem repeats (STRs) that are at the center of much of the research in Gymrek's lab. Without the computing-infrastructure for real-world coursework problems, Zhang believes she would not have made the research connection.
After taking Gymrek's course, Zhang also realized that she could apply to obtain her own independent research profile on the UC San Diego Data Science / Machine Learning Platform in order to retain access to all her coursework and to keep building on it. (When Jupyter Notebooks are hosted on the commercial cloud, students generally lose access to their data-intensieve coursework when the class ends, unless they download the data themselves.)
"I thought it was just for the course, but then I realized that Jupyter Notebooks are available for research, without losing access through the UC San Diego Jupyterhub," said Zhang.
This educational infrastructure has added benefits for professors as well.
"With these Jupyter Notebooks, you can automatically embed the grading system. It saves a lot of work," said Gymrek. You can designate how many points a student gets if they get the code right, she explained. Before using this system, students sent PDFs of their problem sets which made grading more time intensive. "It was hard to go past a dozen students. Now, you can scale," said Gymrek. In fact, she has been able to expand access to her personal genomics graduate class to more than 50 students, up from a dozen before she had access to these new tools.
Direct uploading of assignments and grades to the campus learning management system, Canvas, is also now available.
“The platform is truly transforming education. Unlike many learning technology innovations, classes in every division at UC San Diego have used the Data Science/Machine Learning Platform. Many thousands of students use it every year. It’s innovation with real impact, preparing our students in many—sometimes unexpected—fields to be leaders and innovators when they graduate,” said Polichar.
Commodity hardware for research and education
"If you build your distributed supercomputer, like the PRP, on commodity hardware then you can ride Moore's Law," explained Smarr.
Following this commodity hardware strategy, Smarr and his PRP collaborators developed hardware designs where performance goes up while prices go down over time. The computational building blocks developed by the PRP, that were repurposed by UC San Diego’s ITS, are rack-mounted PCs, containing multi-core CPUs, eight Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), and optimized for data-intensive projects, including accelerating machine learning on the GPUs. These PCs run a wide range of leading-edge software to help students program the system, record their results in Jupyter Notebooks, and to execute a variety of data analytic and machine learning algorithms on their problems.
Building on this commodity hardware approach to high performance computing has allowed UC San Diego to build a dynamic and innovative "on premises" ecosystem for data- and computing- intensive coursework, rather than relying solely on commercial cloud computing services.
"The commercial cloud doesn't provide an ecosystem that gives students the same platform from course to course, or the same platform they have in their courses as they have in their research," said Tilghman. "This is especially true in the graduate area where students are starting work in a course context and then they continue that work in their research. It's that continuity, even starting as a lower division undergraduate, all the way up. I think that's one of the innovative advantages that we give at UC San Diego."
UC San Diego professors and students interested in learning more about the Data Science / Machine Learning Platform can find additional details and contact information on their website.
"I've been at this for 50 years," said Smarr. "I don't know of many examples where I've seen such a close linking of research and education all the way around, in a circle."
This alignment of research and education feeds into UC San Diego's culture of innovation and relevance.
"It's essential for the nation that students all across campus learn and work on computing infrastructure that is relevant for their future, whether it's in industry, academia or the public sector," said Albert P. Pisano, dean of the UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering. "These information technology ecosystems being created and deployed on campus are critical for empowering our students to leverage innovations to serve society."
To view a a video providing an overview of the Pacific Research Platform (PRP) and a sampling of research projects the platform has enabled, visit the Pacific Research Platform website.
Larry Smarr serves as Principal Investigator on the PRP and allied grants (NSF Awards OAC-1541349, OAC-1826967, CNS-1730158, CNS-2100237) which are administered through the Qualcomm Institute, which is the UC San Diego Division of Calit2.
